U.S. industrial-policy efforts frequently undermine themselves through counterproductive tax regulations, creating a paradox that hinders genuine investment and economic growth. Policymakers have committed substantial resources and political capital toward reshoring domestic manufacturing, upgrading national infrastructure, and enhancing American economic competitiveness. Indeed, these goals have been central to the Trump administration’s stated economic priorities. Yet despite these intentions, poorly structured tax policies simultaneously create substantial barriers to investment, growth, and global competitiveness.